You will realise from the long list in Section 1.2 that there are many different reasons for exclusion. People can be excluded because of who they are, where they live, sociocultural reasons, lack of resources – and frequently a combination of these factors, as shown in Figure 1.2. The overlapping circles in the diagram indicate how there may be more than one reason for exclusion of any individual or group. The following sections explain each of these factors in turn.
Figure 1.2 Factors affecting exclusion of people from WASH services.
People can be excluded because of who they are, where they live, sociocultural reasons, lack of resources – and frequently a combination of these factors, as shown in Figure 1.2. The overlapping circles in the diagram indicate how there may be more than one reason for exclusion of any individual or group.
“Exclusion consists of dynamic, multi-dimensional processes driven by unequal power relationships interacting across four main dimensions—economic, political, social and cul- tural—and at different levels including individual, household, group, community, country and global levels.
Permanent exclusion is the most serious sanction a school can give if a child does something that is against the school's behaviour policy (the school rules). It means that the child is no longer allowed to attend the school and their name will be removed from the school roll.
Social exclusion can occur at any age. The main reasons people exclude others are because of a perceived threat or personality clash. Feeling left out can be distressing, but you can self-soothe by: being kind to yourself.
Typical exclusion criteria are defined for either ethical reasons (e.g., children, pregnant women, patients with psychological illnesses, patients who are not able or willing to sign informed consent), to overcome practical issues related to the study itself (e.g., not being able to read, when questionnaires are used ...
Some reasons for social exclusion are unemployment, poor housing, low income, and crime. A key difference between social exclusion and inclusion is that in the case of the former, diversity is not valued and appreciated. However, in the latter case, diversity is appreciated and valued.
In contract law, exclusion clauses aim to exclude or limit a party's liability in the event of default. While exclusions can be among the most hotly contested and negotiated portions of a contract, they are found in nearly every type of agreement.
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